植物花青素对肿瘤抑制作用的研究进展

植物花青素是一类可溶于水的类黄酮,主要存在于各种蔬菜水果中。常见的植物花青素主要分为天竺葵色素(Pelargonidin)、芍药色素(Peonidin)、矢车菊色素(Cyanidin)、锦葵色素(Malvidin)、矮牵牛色素(Petunidin)、飞燕草色素(Delphinidin)六种;植物花青素分子中含有共轭双键体系,并含有碱性或酸性基团,因而具有抗氧化、抗炎、调节免疫、抗衰老和抑癌等生物学作用,尤其以抑癌作用最为突出。因此,本文将对植物花青素的抑癌作用及可能的机制进行综述。     

蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶1在肿瘤发生发展中作用的研究进展北大核心

蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶1(protein arginine methyltransferase 1,PRMT1)是主要的Ⅰ型精氨酸甲基转移酶,催化一甲基化和不对称二甲基化,其底物被甲基化后参与细胞生物学过程。研究表明,PRMT1在多种恶性肿瘤中异常表达,促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移,调控人类多种肿瘤发生发展过程,揭示PRMT1可能成为肿瘤治疗中潜在的生物标志物或靶点。本文对PRMT1的结构、底物、生物学功能、及其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用进行总结,旨在为今后研究PRMT1相关肿瘤提供参考。     

Tumor-induced erythroid precursor-differentiated myeloid cells mediate immunosuppression and curtail anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment efficacy

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Pulmonary metastases in urogenital cancers: Surgical treatment and outcomes

IntroductionMetastasis is remaining one of the major problems in cancer treatment. Like many other malignancies, urogenital tumors originating from kidney, prostate, testes, and bladder tend to metastasize to the lungs.The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the operative results and prognosis of pulmonary metastasectomy in patients with primary urogenital tumors.MethodsThis study was approved by the local ethical committee. We retrospectively analyzed the surgical and oncological results of patients who underwent lung resections for urogenital cancer metastases in our department between 2002 and 2018. Demographic data and clinicopathological features were extracted from the medical records. Survival outcomes according to cancer subtypes and early postoperative results of VATS and thoracotomy were analyzed.Results22 out of 126 patients referred for pulmonary metastasectomy to our department had metastases from urogenital tumors. These patients consisted of 17 males and five females. Their metastasis originated from renal cell carcinoma (RCC; n = 9), bladder tumor (n = 7), testis tumors (n = 4), and prostate cancer (n = 2). There was no intraoperative complication. Postoperative complications were seen in 2 patients.ConclusionsAlthough pulmonary metastasectomy in various types of tumors is well known and documented, the data is limited for metastases of urogenital cancers in the literature. Despite the limitations of this study, we aim to document our promising results of pulmonary metastasectomy in patients with primary urogenital tumors and wanted to emphasize the role of minimally invasive approaches.     

Commentary on "Primary orbital monophasic synovial sarcoma with calcification: A case report"

The present letter to the editor is related to the study titled “Primary orbital monophasic synovial sarcoma with calcification: A case report’’. Orbital synovial sarcoma is one of the rare intraorbital masses seen in adult and pediatric populations. Some case reports in the literature revealed that synovial sarcoma may contain calcifications. Therefore, it is important to make differential diagnosis among calcified orbital masses in childhood.     

Volume and function of the operated kidney after nephron-sparing surgery for unilateral renal tumor

Aim

We sought to assess the magnitude of functional decline and the natural history of the operated kidney residual function after zero-ischemia nephron-sparing surgery (Z-NSS) in children with unilateral renal tumor (URT).

高危原发前列腺胃肠道外间质瘤诊疗体会及文献复习

目的探讨前列腺原发胃肠道外间质瘤诊治要点。 方法回顾性分析我院2017年9月诊治的1例高危原发性前列腺胃肠道外间质瘤临床病理特征资料、随访情况，总结现有文献讨论总结本病诊治心得。 结果65岁男性，因"前列腺电切术后2年，反复血尿3个月余"入院。术前MRI考虑为来源不清的盆腔巨大实性占位（115 mm×105 mm×85 mm），经直肠穿刺诊断为梭形细胞来源的肿瘤。行盆腔肿瘤切除+膀胱前列腺腺切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术+Bricker术。术后病理提示为前列腺原发胃肠道外间质瘤[CD117（+）；Dog1（+）；CD34（+）；PSA（+）；AR（+）；P504s（+）；Ki-67（2%）]。术后肿瘤组织全外显子测序提示为C-Kit基因（Exon 11 p.Q556-V560del）存在明显临床意义突变，筛选靶向药物甲磺酸伊马替尼+比卡鲁胺（PSA平稳后停用）口服，术后随访18个月无肿瘤复发及不良并发症。 结论前列腺原发胃肠道外间质瘤罕见，需与前列腺其他良恶性肿瘤相鉴别诊断。全外显子测序了解其发病高危基因，同时筛选药物辅助治疗可使患者生存获益。     

Suppression of puerarin on polymethylmethacrylate-induced lesion of peri-implant by inhibiting NF-κB activation in vitro and in vivo

Puerarin (PR), a natural isoflavone isolated from Chinese traditional plant pueraria lobata, has attracted considerable attention due to its important biological and pharmacological activities. However, its effects on lesion of peri-implant and related mechanism of action are still not clear, which require further investigation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of PR on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-induced lesion of peri-implant in vitro and in vivo, and explored its possible mechanism of action. Our results indicated that PR could inhibit PMMA-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells with a dose-dependent manner in vitro and effectively down-regulate mRNA and protein expressions of matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (RANK), primarily via the suppression of NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, we found that PMMA induction could directly cause the phosphorylation of IκB and significantly promote the nuclear translocation of p65 in RAW264.7 cells. In other words, PR was able to dose-dependently attenuate the PMMA-induced nuclear translocation of p65 in RAW264.7 cells. In vivo, PR was observed to attenuate PMMA-induced osteoclastogenesis, osteolysis, mRNA expressions of receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL) and RANK, as well as protein levels of MMP-9, TNF-α, IL-6, and p65 in a murine calvarial osteolysis model. These findings suggested that PR might be a potential therapeutic drug to lesion of peri-implant, and provided new insights for understanding its possible mechanism.     

Novel immune signatures associated with dysplastic naevi and primary cutaneous melanoma in human skin

Dysplastic naevi (DN) are benign lesions with atypical features intermediate between that of common melanocytic naevi (CMN) and malignant melanoma (MM). Debate remains over whether DN represent progressive lesions from CMN. Through gene expression profiling and analysis of molecular gene signatures, our study revealed progressive increases in immune activation and regulation, along with pathways implicated in melanomagenesis, from CMN to DN to MM. Using criteria of 1.5‐fold change and false discovery rate ≤0.05, we found differential expression of 7186 probes (6370 unique genes) with the largest difference detected between DN and MM from the standpoint of genomic melanoma progression. Despite progressive increases in the T‐helper type 1 (Th1)‐inducing gene (IL‐12), RT‐PCR indicated impaired Th1 or cytotoxic T‐cell response (decreased IFN‐γ) in MM. Concordantly, our results indicated progressive increases in molecular markers associated with regulatory T cells, exhausted T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells, including detection of increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) in dendritic cells associated with MM. All together, our findings suggest that the increased immunosuppressive microenvironment of melanoma may contribute to unhampered proliferation of neoplastic cells. In addition, the detection of increased markers associated with tolerogenic dendritic cells in MM suggests that targeting these suppressive immune cell types may represent an alternative avenue for future immunotherapy.